Submarine pier.



G. W. JACKSON.

SUBMARINE PIER.

APPLIoATIoN FILED MAY 5, 190s.

v91 6, 1 59 Patented Mar. 23, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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G. W. JACKSON.

SUBMARINE PIER.

, APPLICATION FILED MAY 5, 1908. 91 6, 1 59 f Patented Mar. 23, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

G. W. JACKSON.

SUBMARINE PIER.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 5, 190e.

Patented Mar. 23, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

'broken avfay. f. Fig.

GEORGE W. JACKSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLNOIS.

SUBMARINE PIER.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented March 23, 1909.

Application filed May 5, 1908. Serial No. 430,982.

T o all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that l, Gannon lV. JAoksON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident ot Chicago, in the county ot Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Submarine Piers; and I do hereby declare that the lollon'-Y ing is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the numerals of reference marked thereon, `which form a part ot this specification.

This invention relates to an improved submarine foundation structure or pier for supporting a superstructure over a body of v, ater, and the invention consists in the matters hereinafter set forth and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Among the objects oi my invention is to provide a pier construction which may be quickly assei'nbled at relatively smallexmnse and Yulrich will allord a loui'rdation ol great strength to support a superposed load and to resist lateral stress duc to the action ol waves or iloating ice or to wind pressure against structure supported thereon.

As sho'a n in the draf..ingszuliigure 1 is a Vside elevation of a pier or foundation made in accordance ith my invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged side elevation thereof, partially is a side elevation ot' one of the panels constituting part ot the shell of the pier. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section ot' said panel. Fig. 5 is a top plan vieri ofthe pier with the 'filling omitted, showt ing one form of load supporting trame. Fig. 6 is a detail illustrating the manner ot attaching strengthening and bracing rings to the piles constituting part of the pier. Fig. '7 is a detail section, taken online 7-7 ot Fig. 6. Fig.

A8 is a detail section, taken online S--S ot Fig.

6. Fig. 9 is a horizontal plan view illustrating the manner of attaching the load carrying frame to the pier structure. Fig. 10 is a side. view of the parts shown in Fig. t). Fig. 11 is a detail section, taken on line 11u11. oll Fig. 9.

The submarine foundation or pier herein shown is adapted for use as the supporting foundation or pier of a marine aerial tramway, such as is shovvn in my concurrent application for U. S. Letters atcnt'tiled ot even datehercwith, Serial No. h130,981, the load supporting frame at the top ot said pier or foundation boing arranged to supporta tower constitutinfY part ot such aerial tramway. It will be undaerstood, hoaever, that said pier may be used for supporting other structures, such as cribs, bridges, light-houses and the like. By reason ot the peculiar construction ot the pier, hon over, it is peculiarly adapted for use as supporting structures ulrich are erected for temporary use, inasmuch as it is capable ot being quickly constructed and in stalled at. comparatively small expense, and the parts thereof may be reclaimed and used for the same or other like purposes.

A pier made in accordance with my invention embraces a plurality of metal sheet piles 15 of any desired cross-section which are driven into the bottoni of a lake or other body ol water about an area which the pier is to occupy, a plurality ol sections or panels 16 stretched between and supported on said piles to inclose said area, and a body 18 ot stone or other iilling material which lills the shell thus formed and which gives body or permanence to the pier to resist lateral st ross brought thereon. 'lhe said piles 15 are driven a distance into the bottom beneath the body of water and are adapted to extend at their upper ends a distance above the level of the water. As herein shown, said piles are driven to inclose a circular arca to produce a circular pier, but the cross-sectional contour may be varied. The panels or sections 16 which extend between and are connected to said piles constitute the wall of a cage like structure which contains and contines the mass filling, as .the body 18 of stone. The said panels extend horizontally lrom one pile to an adjacent pile and art` adapted for interlockingI and slidingl connection at their ends with said piles in suoli manner that after the piles have been driven, the panels are placed between the piles, at the upper ends thercot', and intcrlocked at their ends with said piles, and are afterward dropped downwardly between the piles to be supported vertically on the bottom beneath the body of water. The said panels are shown as arranged in a plurality of horizontal sets or rows supported one upon the other. The construction ot the panels which constitute the 'wall of said cagelike inclosure is shown more clearly in Figs. 3 and l and they arc made as follows: As herein shown, said panels are ot llexiblc construction. ',Ihcy comprise upper and lower chains 20, 20 and a plurality of laterally separated vertically parallel heavy planks or bars 21 supported thereon. Said chains are provided at their ends with clips 22, 22 that gins of the piles 15 in sucli manner as to slide endwise of the piles but are laterally interloclred therewith. As herein shown, the piles are of -beam cross-section and the clips employed each comprises two plates 23, 23 which are bolted flatwise together and are formed at their outer ends to provide op pfisitely opening hooks 24;, 2a which engage over the oppositely directed flanges of the I-bearn piles. The end links of said upper and lower panel chains engage with apertures in said clip plates. The manner. of supporting the vertical, parallel planlis or bars 2l on the chains, as herein shown, is as follows: Alternate links 26 of the chains 20, 20 are made of su lficient dimensions to constitute holders to receive said bars 21, which latter are attached to said enlarged linlis or holders by means of U-bolts 27. The closed parts of saidU-bolts extend over or inclose the side members of the linls at one side of each panel and the shanls of said 1tolts pass througl'i said lars on opposite sides of the other side members of said linlis or holders and through clips 28, 28 which nt over the adjacent sides of said links, as best shown in Fig. 4. The said piles 15 are tied together and braced at their upper ends by means of interior, upper and lower rings 30, 31, which are herein shown as made of -beam crosssection. T he upper bracing and tying ring 30 is attached to the webs of-the -lfeam piles by means of bolts 32, and said ring is spaced are constructed to engage the flanged marl from said piles by means of channel shaped spacing fittings 33 through which said. fastening bolts extend. Short spacing sleeves 34 are located between the free margins of said channel spacing fittings 33, through which the fastening bolts extend, to impart the desired rigidity to the spacing fittings. rlhe lower ring 31 is unattached to the piles, as herein shown, and constitutes merely a bracing ring to prevent inward collapsing of the cage-like struct-ure. Said lower bracing ring is sus ended from the upper ring by means of c ains or links 35 and is spaced from the piles by spacing fittings 36 which are attached to the webs of the said -beam bracing ring and extend outwardly therefrom for engagement with the webs of the piles.

ln constructing a pier or foundation elnbodying my invention, two oppositely located piles 15, 15 may first be driven, they being set at the proper distance apart and properly alined with respect to each other and to the center of the proposed pier from the shore. Thereafter a pile may be located and driven at each side of each pile thus driven, said piles being placed or located from the piles first driven by the use of suitable floating templets or the like. After the six piles have thus beenplaced and driven, the

curved bars or segments which make up the l lower spacing ring are fastened together to complete the ring an d the ring is placed within the area partially surrounded by the driven piles. Said segments of the bracing ring may be handled, while the same is being assembled, upon suitable floating rafts and the assembled ring may be suspended from said rafts by the chains or links 35 until the upper binding or tying ring is placed and fastened to the piles. After the lower bracing ring is assembled and placed in the manner described, the upper or tying ring is assembled. and attached to the driven piles, after which the suspending links or chains 35 are attached to the upper ring to suspend the lower ring therefrom. After the upper and lower rings have been thus placed the remaining piles are driven, said rings serving as convenient means to locate and guide the piles while being driven. After all of the piles of the pier have been thus driven and the upper ring is fastened to the upper ends of all of the piles, the first or lower row of panels 16 are fitted. to the piles the said panels being lifted by any suitable lifting device above the upper' ends of the piles and the clips 21 engaged with the flanges of the piles, after which said panels are allowed'to drop by gravity between the piles until they rest on the bottom beneath the body of ,vatei'. Thereafter the space inclosed by the firstV or lower row of panels is filled in with the filling material, after which another roe.r of panels is dropped into place and the space inclosed thereby filled. These operations are continued until all of the panels have been placed and the entire space inclosed by the cage or frame formed thereby filled with the filling material` The pier is herein shown as adapted to support a tower, designated as a Whole by Llf), which may constitute one of a plurality of towers designed to support the tramway cable shown in my aforesaid application.

A frame is shown for connecting the base of the tower with the pier, which is made and connected with the pier in the follo wing manner: 41 designates, as a whole, a rectangular frame supported on said pier and made of angle bars, as herein shown. Said frame is of such dimension that the four corners thereof extend slightly beyond the curved line of the cage-like shell or inelosure of the pier. The corners of said frame are sup ported on tangentially arranged, horizontal supports 42, 42, each of which extends between the upper ends of two adjacent les 15, 1.5 of the pier and are attached thereto. Said supports l2 each consists, as herein shown, of two parallel -beams 43, 43, the. upper flanges of which are arranged horizonltally and in the same plane to constitute broad supporting surfaces for the frame. Each pan` of l-beam supports 42 are attached to two adjacent piles 15, 15 by angle brackets 44, 44, the vertical members ol which are attached to the webs of said Lbeam piles and the horizontal members of which 'lit beneath and are attached to the lower llanges of said supporting beams. rlhe said brackets thus constitute means at the ends of said beams for joining or connecting the txvo ams el each support. The beams olE each support 42 may be further connected or tied together by bolts 45 extending transversely through the Webs thereof and plates 4G attached to the lower lianges ofthe beams, as best shown in Fig. ll. Said load supporting lran'ie 40 is connected with said supports 42 by means made as follows: Attached to the under sides of said frame at the corners thereolI are triangular plates 46', 46 which rest lat on the supports 42. rlihe said triangular plates are attached to the members of the frame 41. by bolts or rivets 4S which extend through the margins of said plates and through the horizontal flanges of the frame members. The inner margins of said plates are stil'liened by reinforcing bars 49 which are riveted thereto. The said triangular frame plates are shown as provided with slots 50, arranged diagonally with respect to the frame 41, downu ardly through which extend bolts 51 which fasten the load supporting fram i to the pier. Said bolts extend downwardly through the spaces between the -beam members ol' the supports 42 and through openings in the plates 46. Arranged at the opposite sides of each of said slots are two parallel angle bars 55 which are riveted to the plates 46 and against the vertical flanges of which the nuts of said bolts 51 bear.

The anrangement of the slots 50, through which the 'fastening bolts extend, transverselyT with respect to spaces between the beams ol the support 42 aliords means 'for angularly shifting the lead supporting trame relatively to the central vertical axis of the pier or foundation. Such adjustment is effected at a time when thc nuts ol the attaching bolts 51 are loosened, alter which the nuts are tightened to rigidly lix said trame to the pier structure. The construction of the load supporting lrame 41 and the manner of supporting the same on the pier may be variously arranged to conform to the superstructure or load to be carried thereby. As herein shown, it is arranged to support the tower of an aerial tramway which carries the tram cable and the traveling or pullinon cable of such a tramway. The features of construction relating to the load carrying frame and the manner of adjusting the same on the pier is illustrated and claimed in my aforesaid copending application.

lf the panels or sections extending between and supported at their ends by the piles be made solid or more nearly solid than herein shown, the space incloscd by the cementitious material, mixed or not with stones or other filling material, which, upon hardening, will l'orm a solid or monolithic body which receives the load olv the suporstructure and is protected by the surrounding shell or wall. Moreover, the pier may be otherwise constructed to distribute the load oi the superstructure partially or wholly upon that part ol the pier within the surrounding shell or wall com|p osed ol the piles and panels shown. The rings 3() and 31 serve to brace and tic together the piles ai'ter they have been driven and beiore the panels and 'lilling material have been placed, thus preventing lateral pressure oi waves or ice bending or i'orcing the upper ends of the piles out ol line. Said rings also sirve to strengthen the completed structure. to withstand lateral pressure. 'lhe Vflexible panels are advantageous inasmuch as their llexible structure permits the ends thereotl to be interloclied with the piles and the panels to slide down into place on said piles, notwithstanding slight variations oi alinement oll the piles.

lt is obvious that l have. provided a submarine pier or l'oundationwhich may be quickly installed and which possesses great strength for supporting a load and lor resist ing lateral stresses due to wave and ice action against the same. lly reason oll the Yfact that the said pier may be readily constructed at relatively small expense, and by reason oil the fact that practically all tho material used in shell ol a temporaryT pier may be reclaimed and used again tor other or like purposes, the said construction is particularly adapted for use as a temporary 'foundation or pier. A pier embodying the essential features of the invention describe( may, however, be constructed and employed ior more permanent uses.

lt will be understood that many changes other than those suggested may be made in the details ot construction `without departing -from the spirit ol my invention and l'. do not wish to be limited to such details except as hereinafter may be made the subject of speci'lic claims,

l claim as my invention:-

1. A submarine foundation or pier comprising piles driven into the bottom beneath a body ol water around the area occupied by the pier, flexible panels or sections extending between and adapted 'l'or interlocking and sliding connection at their ends with said piles longitudinally oll the latter to constitute an inclosing shell or wall, and a mass ol lilling material filling the space incloscd by said shell or wall.

2. A submarine 'foundation or pier comprising piles driven into the bottom beneath a bodyT oll water around an area occupied by the pier, panels or sections extending beshell or wall may be lilled with a concrete or L tween and adapted for interlocking and CIJ CII

sliding connection at their ends With said piles entirely from the upper ends oi' said piles to the bottom into which they are driven to constitute an inclosing Wall or shell, and a mass oi' filling material iilling the space incloscd by said Wall or shell.

3. A submarine foundation or pier coniprising piles driven into the bottoni. beneath a body o'l' Water around an area occupied by the pier, panels or sections adapted Yfor intelocking and sliding connection at their ends with said piles to constitute an inclosing Wall or shell, each oiV said. panels consisting oi flexible strands or chains, and vertical, laterally separated bars supported thereon, and a mass oi iilling material hlling the space inclosed by said Wall or shell.

4. il submarine foundation or pier coniprising piles driven into the bottom beneath a body o'l' Water around an area occupied by the pier, a plurality o1" horizontal, supere posed rows oi panels or sections extending betiveen and adapted i'or interlocking and sliding connection at their ends with said piles to constitute an inclosing Wall or shell, and a mass oi' filling material iilling the space inclosed by said Wall or shell.

5. A submarine 'foundation or pier co1nprising piles driven into the bottom beneath a body oiI Water around an area occupied by the pier, panels or sections extending between said piles, each consisting o'l upper and lower chains having interlocking and sliding connection at their ends with said piles and a plurality of vertical, laterally separated bars extendingY through and supported in the links oi said chains, and a mass oi iilling material filling the space inclosed by the cage-like Wall thus constructed.

6. A submarine foundation or pier Colnprising piles driven into the bottom beneath a body ci Water around an area occupied by the pier, means for rigidly connecting the piles at their upper ends, panels or sections extending between and adapted lor interlocking and sliding connection at their ends with said piles to constitute an inclosing Wall or shell, and a mass oi filling material iilling the space inclosed by saidv Wall or shell.

7. A submarine foundation or pier comprising piles driven into the bottoni beneath a body oi vfater to inclose an area occupied by the pier, a tying ring inclosed by and attached to the upper ends oi' said piles, a plurality oi' panels extending between and having interlocking and sliding connection at their ends Wit-h said piles to constitute an inclosing Wall or shell, and a mass of iilling material filling the space inclosed by said Wall or shell.

8. A submarine foundation or pier comprising piles driven into the bottom beneath a body ol' Water to inclose an area occupied by the pier, a tying ring inclosed by and attached to the upper ends of said piles, a bracing ring suspended i'rom the tying ring, and a plurality oil panels extending between and having interlocking and sliding connection at their ends With said piles to constitute an inclosing Wall or shell, and a mass oi iilling material filling the space inclosed by said Wall or shell.

9. A submarine 'foundation or pier comprising piles driven into the bottom beneath a body ol' Water to inclose the area occupied by the pier and extending above the Water level, panels extending between and adapted ior interlocking and sliding connection at their ends on said piles to constitute an inclosing Wall or shell, the extreme upper ends oi said piers being arranged to receive the interlocking parts oi said panels, a mass oi filling material iilling the space inclosed by said wall or shell, and a load supporting iranie carried by the upper ends of said piles.

ln testimony, that l claim the foregoing as my invention l aiiix my signature in the presence of Witnesses, this 29th day of April GEORGE TW. JACKSON. llllitnesses:

J. C. Moonn, R. V. MEG-Aint, G. R. Firnn. 

